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Salomon Smolianoff
Salomon Smolianoff (March 1899 – 1976) was a Russian counterfeiter and Holocaust survivor involved in Operation Bernhard. In the film ''The Counterfeiters'' based on Adolf Burger's memoirs (which film received a foreign-language Oscar for Austria in 2008), the character is renamed Salomon "Sally" Sorowitsch. The character is played by Karl Markovics, an Austrian stage and television actor.
==Life==
Salomon Smolianoff was born to a Jewish family in Kremenchuk, Ukraine.〔Lawrence Malkin, "Krueger's Men", Publisher: Little, Brown & Company,Pub. Date: October 2006〕 He studied painting in Russia, but he had to leave the country in 1922 because his parents were on the wrong side of the Russian Revolution. He went across Europe, was married in Italy,〔Lawrence Malkin, www.lawrencemalkin.com〕 and finally tried to start a new life in Germany, where he met a counterfeiter and decided to become one himself.〔Karl Markovics, in an article for The Sydney Morning Herald, May 9, 2008〕 He was wanted by several European police forces prior to the outbreak of World War II.〔Svaroy Yaron, Lawrence Malkin, "Hitler's Jewish Forgers", Orion Publishing Group, Limited, ISBN 0-304-36457-6 , 2006〕 In 1939 Bernhard Krüger, future SS Sturmbannführer head of Operation Bernhard, put him behind bars. He was sent to the Mauthausen concentration camp, and made himself useful to the S.S. guards as a portraitist and artist. He was selected for Operation Bernhard, transferred to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1944, and eventually to the Ebensee site of the Mauthausen camp network,〔Adolf Burger (1989) ''Akcia Bernhard: Obchod s miliónmi.'' Bratislava.〕 where he was liberated by the US Army on 6 May 1945.〔Max Garcia, "Befreiung des KZ-Nebenlagers Ebensee: Neue historische Details." ''Zeitschrift des Zeitgeschichtemuseums Ebensee,'' 1998.〕 All traces of the master counterfeiter Smolianoff were lost after his liberation. He was soon on international "Wanted" lists as a counterfeiter, but he is also believed to have forged emigration papers for Jews trying to go to Palestine.
He then emigrated to Uruguay, where he counterfeited Russian icons. The Uruguayan police apparently caught on, and Smolianoff moved to Brazil in the 1950s, where he went into the toy business.
Smolianoff died in Porto Alegre, south of Brazil, in 1976. He allegedly spent his last years painting portraits and creating toys.
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